Perique tobacco is highly regarded among pipe smokers. Additionally, it is one of the rarest tobaccos. Consequently, when smoking Perique, enthusiasts embark on a unique journey — the destination is not about puffing smoke but savoring a rich history.
Join us on a pipe-smoking journey as we explore Perique tobacco’s unique attributes, rich history, and manufacturing process. Not only is it a true gem for pipe smokers seeking a satisfying smoking experience, but also it offers a glimpse into a world of tradition and craftsmanship.
Perique tobacco, often referred to as the ‘Truffle of Tobacco,’ is a hidden treasure among pipe smokers. Its roots can be traced back to the early 18th century in St. James Parish, Louisiana, where the Mississippi River winds through fertile lands. Native Americans initially cultivated the tobacco plant long before European settlers arrived on American shores.
Historically, the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes of Louisiana are credited with the early practice of fermenting tobacco leaves. They used hollowed-out tree trunks a millennium ago, layered the leaves, and placed heavy stones atop them to initiate fermentation. Later, in the 18th or 19th century, Louisiana settlers adopted and refined this technique. Pierre Chenet, an Acadian immigrant in the early 1800s, improved the process by introducing wooden boxes for fermentation.
Some scholars like William Rense have proposed that because of the similarities in tobacco and its preparation, early Spanish or French settlers could have introduced Perique to Louisiana from the Caribbean, particularly the Dominican Andullo. If this hypothesis holds true, it has its roots in the techniques used by the indigenous people of the Dominican Republic before the arrival of the Spanish settlers on the island. But, I’m diverging…
In the 1900s, three families were involved in the production of Perique:
The Roussels industrialized the process by fermenting it in whiskey barrels until halting production around 1950.
The Guglielmo’s, who ceased operations in the late 1970s.
The Poches, who entered the scene in 1917.
Fast forward to 2005, Mark Ryan from Daughters and Ryan Tobacco in North Carolina bought L.A. Poche Perique Tobacco in Convent, Louisiana, from the Poche family. At that point, Perique had almost vanished from the public consciousness. Ryan recalls during an interview with Louisiana River Parishes:
After I bought the place, I went down the road to Jimmy’s Place to buy some po’boys for my workers. I mentioned the L.A. Poche Perique factory, and the people there didn’t know what it was. And it was only a mile away.
Perique’s declining popularity can be attributed to the labor-intensive nature of its cultivation and processing. At the same time, during the sweltering summer months, workers would use sugar cane knives to cut Perique plants at their base. After harvesting, these plants are affixed to the barn rafters using small wooden pieces known as ‘cop-cops,’ named for the noise they create.
When the tobacco is cured, the stems are meticulously removed by hand. Bundles of these prepared leaves are bound together, packed into whiskey barrels, and exposed to pressure and fermentation.
The Fermentation Process
One key factor that sets Perique tobacco apart is its fermentation process. Unlike most air-cured tobacco varieties, Perique is subjected to a specialized method called ‘pressure fermentation.’ This process involves tightly packing the tobacco leaves in barrels and subjecting them to immense pressure. The barrels are then subjected to pressures of up to 30 tons for a minimum of one year, all the while undergoing anaerobic fermentation within their own juices.
During this barrel maturation, the leaves were extracted at least three times. Allowed to breathe, manually turned, and reinserted and re-pressurized. Every process step is done by hand with great care and attention to detail. This comprehensive fermentation process extends over a year in duration.
During the fermentation process, the tobacco undergoes a remarkable metamorphosis. The pressure causes the leaves to release their natural sweetness and develop complex flavors that are simply unparalleled. Mark Ryan explains, “For the first few months, you can see bubbles and foam from fermentation.” The result is tobacco with a taste profile that tantalizes the taste buds with a hint of spice and a satisfying smoking experience that keeps pipe smokers returning for more.
Perique tobacco is often considered one of the rarest in the world. For good reason, its production is limited to a small area in St. James Parish, Louisiana, and the annual output is relatively low compared to other tobacco varieties. This scarcity adds to its allure, making it a sought-after gem for pipe smokers and cigar enthusiasts alike.
The unique flavors and the meticulous artisanry of creating Perique have solidified its status as a rare and highly prized tobacco. Smoking Perique is not just about enjoying a good smoke. It’s about savoring a piece of history and culture carefully preserved for centuries.
While Perique tobacco can be enjoyed independently, it is often used as a part in various pipe tobacco blends. Its ability to enhance and balance the flavors of other tobaccos makes it a sought-after ingredient for blenders. When combined with Virginia and Burley tobaccos, Perique adds a delightful depth and complexity to the blend.
For those who want to enjoy the unique flavors of Perique fully, it pairs exceptionally well with a cup of coffee. Perique’s earthy richness complements coffee’s boldness, creating a harmonious combination that awakens the senses.
Flavor Profile
One of the remarkable qualities of Perique is its ability to enhance the smoking experience. To begin with, Perique tobacco can elevate your enjoyment. A natural sweetness and spicy undertones create a harmonious blend that entices the palate and leaves you craving more.
Perique tobacco is known for its intricate and evolving flavor profile, influenced by its blend partners and the quantity used. With an umami character that includes meaty, cheesy, and mushroom notes, Perique is versatile and adapts to other tobaccos in a blend. When smoked alone, it offers sweetness reminiscent of cherry and chocolate. It is interwoven with earthy, savory undertones, soy sauce hints, and a touch of vinegar.
Perique pairs excellently with Virginias in blending, enhancing their natural sweetness and fruitiness with a spicy kick. When combined with Oriental tobacco, it amplifies their spiciness and sour elements. Mixing Perique with Latakia creates a unique synergy, as Perique enriches Latakia’s leather and smoky essence with depth and earthy flavors.
The quantity of Perique in a blend matters; a small amount adds spiciness and plum-like notes, while more Perique introduces complexity, featuring mushroom, soy sauce, and stone fruit nuances. Notably, Perique’s chemistry transforms during fermentation, shifting from the inherent alkalinity of Burley to fruity, earthy, and savory flavors rarely found in alkaline leaf varieties.
Below is a table outlining the key differences and commonalities between Perique, Latakia, Balkan, Cavendish, Burley, and Virginia tobacco. Click on the hyperlink to learn more from our earlier posts.
Tobacco
Origin
Flavor Profile
Processing Method
Common Uses
Perique
St. James Parish, Louisiana
Spicy, sweet, complex
Pressure fermentation, air-cured
Blended with other tobaccos, often used in pipe tobacco
Latakia
Eastern Mediterranean (Syria, Cyprus)
Smoky, earthy, woody
Fire-cured over open flame
Added in small amounts to English blends, known for its smoky aroma
Primarily grown in the United States, but also worldwide
Sweet, grassy, citrusy
Air-cured or flue-cured
Versatile tobacco, used in various blends, prized for its natural sweetness
Additional Notes
Balkan tobacco is a blend of Oriental tobaccos, typically including Latakia. It is known for its earthy, spicy flavor with notes of dried fruit.
Burley tobacco is an air-cured tobacco known for its earthy, nutty flavor with notes of chocolate and coffee. It is often used in blends with Virginia tobacco to add body and complexity.
Virginia tobacco is the most popular type of pipe tobacco in the world. It is known for its mild, sweet flavor. It can be enjoyed on its own or blended with other tobaccos.
All things considered, it is essential to note that the world of tobacco is vast, and these types are just a few examples of the many varieties and processing methods available to tobacco enthusiasts. After all, the choice of tobacco type and blend can significantly affect the overall smoking experience.
The Smoking Experience
When it comes to smoking Perique, the experience is unlike any other. The tobacco is known for its smooth and satisfying smoke. You won’t experience the harshness and tongue bite that can plague different tobacco varieties. The moisture level of Perique is controlled during the fermentation process, ensuring a consistent and enjoyable smoke every time.
The smoke is rich, with a natural sweetness that dances on the palate. The spicy undertones add a layer of complexity, keeping the senses engaged throughout the entire smoking session. It’s a tobacco that invites contemplation and relaxation. Perique is a favorite among pipe smokers seeking a moment of respite from the hustle and bustle of the world.
Here are a few tips for savoring perique tobacco:
Use a good quality pipe. Perique tobacco can be smoked in any pipe, but it is best enjoyed in a high-quality pipe.
Pack your pipe carefully. Perique tobacco is dense, so pack your pipe with care and attention to avoid clogging.
Take your time. Perique tobacco is complex, so take your time to appreciate its flavor profile.
Perique Tobacco and the World of Pipe Smoking
In the world of pipe smoking, Perique tobacco occupies a special place. It is a testament to the artistry and artisanry of tobacco cultivation and processing. Smoking Perique is not about indulging in a habit but creating an experience that engages all the senses.
For those who have encountered Perique, it has become a lifelong passion. The rich flavors, the complexity, and the rarity of this tobacco make it a treasure worth savoring. It’s a tobacco that sparks conversations among pipe smokers. Also, it is a tobacco shared and celebrated in the company of fellow enthusiasts. Moreover, perique is a trip through history. And, it’s a testament to unrivaled passion to keep a tradition alive.
In the world of pipe smoking, Perique tobacco occupies a special place. It is a testament to the artistry and artisanry of tobacco cultivation and processing. Smoking Perique is not about indulging in a habit but creating an experience that engages all the senses.
For those who have encountered Perique, it has become a lifelong passion. The rich flavors, the complexity, and the rarity of this tobacco make it a treasure worth savoring. It’s a tobacco that sparks conversations among pipe smokers. Also, it is a tobacco shared and celebrated in the company of fellow enthusiasts. Moreover, perique is a trip through history. And, it’s a testament to unrivaled passion to keep a tradition alive.
Mr. Ryan expanded the facility to meet the increasing demand for Perique tobacco. He faces more orders than he can fulfill with local farmers alone, so he supplements his supply with tobacco from other regions.
Side note: this new line of cigarettes is not without controversy either. Some people feel that the brand abuses Native American tribal associations and falsly advertises that it is 'safer' than other brands. Please, don't shoot the messenger! I'm just here to give you all the facts while puffing on a pipe packed with a marvelous Perique blend.
It is worth noting that, unlike products like Champagne or Cuban cigars, Perique does not have legal protection defining specific regions for its cultivation and processing. Yet, for purists, the truest Perique is that which is grown and processed in St. James Parish, Louisiana.
In summary, Perique tobacco is a rare and unique tobacco produced in a small region of Louisiana. We should all light a pipe and spare a thought for Christopher Brown and Matt Nichols, who helped to preserve it. Today, Perique tobacco is enjoyed by smokers all over the world.
Conclusion
From its humble origins in St. James Parish, Louisiana, to its status as one of the rarest tobaccos in the world, Perique has captured the hearts of pipe smokers and cigar enthusiasts alike. Moreover, the fermentation process, the expert artisanry, and the harmonious flavors of Perique tobacco create a smoking experience that is second to none.
It’s a tobacco that invites you to slow down, relax, and enjoy the moment. So, if you’re looking to embark on a pipe-smoking journey that leads to a world of rich flavors, complex aromas, and satisfying experiences, consider savoring Perique. Your pipe-smoking journey will never be the same once you’ve experienced the rare and captivating world of Perique tobacco. Happy Smoking!
Andrew Olsen, a Musicology Ph.D., explores the intersections of art, literature, and music. Beyond academics, he's a cigar aficionado who revels in experimenting with pipe tobacco blends and collecting vintage and new pipes. Other pursuits include reading about cigars and tobacco pipes, blends, and (of course) writing about it.
